National Laboratory of the Rockies: Ethanol can fuel ships now: the ~112 methanol dual-fuel vessels in service can run on it with no changes and could use 2 billion gallons a year. Compared with methanol, it has 35% more energy, is less toxic, costs less and is available at scale. Trials and the first commercial bunkering began in 2025-26. Next: shape the new ISO fuel standard and map U.S. port infrastructure and costs.